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- <text id=93TT1871>
- <title>
- June 14, 1993: Reviews:Books
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Jun. 14, 1993 The Pill That Changes Everything
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOOKS, Page 74
- Present at The Collapse
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By BRUCE W. NELAN
- </p>
- <qt>
- <l>TITLE: Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days Of The Soviet Empire</l>
- <l>AUTHOR: David Remnick</l>
- <l>PUBLISHER: Random House; 576 Pages; $25</l>
- </qt>
- <p> THE BOTTOM LINE: Great journalism answers Lenin's question:
- Who did what to whom?
- </p>
- <p> During the astonishing, bewildering years when the Russians
- were dismantling their steel-clad Eurasian empire, David Remnick
- was not content to be an eyewitness to history. He waded into
- it, hip deep, and interviewed hundreds of politicians, generals,
- intellectuals and workers. Remnick, then a Washington Post correspondent,
- now at the New Yorker, saw his job as going where the action
- was, talking with the key figures and checking out the details.
- </p>
- <p> His efforts resulted in superb reporting, first for his newspaper
- and now at greater length in Lenin's Tomb. His book provides
- both an intellectual history of the fall of the U.S.S.R. and
- a travelogue through its terminal illnesses, from corruption
- in the Kremlin to the deadly pollution of the Urals and the
- haunted desolation of Kolyma, center of the Siberian gulags.
- The book's powerful sense of place and its clarity about events
- that confused many of the participants will shame those who
- dismiss books written by reporters as "mere journalism."
- </p>
- <p> The end of Soviet days began, Remnick believes, not with perestroika,
- Mikhail Gorbachev's attempt to restructure socialism, but
- with glasnost--the readiness to face facts--and Gorbachev's
- call to fill in the "blank spots" of history. By losing control
- of the past, the Communist Party began to lose control of its
- present--and future. "The return of history," Remnick writes,
- "was the start of the great reform of the twentieth century
- and, whether Gorbachev liked it or not, the collapse of the
- last empire on earth."
- </p>
- <p> First to take Gorbachev at his word were the intellectuals and
- opinion leaders who had long known that the Soviet structure
- was crumbling but had kept their head down and mouth shut. They
- began speaking and writing about the old taboos: the crimes
- of Stalin, of the KGB and even of Lenin. Soon the daily and
- weekly press was bursting with stupefying revelations and admissions.
- It was "wonderful for the intelligentsia," the writer Tatyana
- Tolstaya told Remnick, but most of all "it is a revolution for
- the proletariat."
- </p>
- <p> That revolution was taken over in July 1989 by the Siberian
- coal miners when they began a strike that shook the economy
- and the communist bosses. The grimy miners, Remnick reports,
- were forging a link between the urban intellectuals, the nationalist
- movements in non-Russian republics, and "the political uprising
- of workers across the country."
- </p>
- <p> Remnick concludes that Gorbachev's propensity to reform faded
- when he lost control of political events and his former followers
- became leaders. A "bitter, deluded" Gorbachev increasingly put
- his faith in old comrades from the party, the army and the KGB,
- who flattered him, warned him of dark plots and then betrayed
- him.
- </p>
- <p> When the old hacks, led by KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov, launched
- their putsch in 1991, Remnick spent the crucial August days
- and nights with Boris Yeltsin and his backers at the Russian
- Parliament Building. For the most part, the thousands who stood
- up for democracy at the Russian White House did it for the man
- they had elected, Yeltsin. "It wasn't about Gorbachev," one
- woman told Remnick. "Gorbachev got what he deserved."
- </p>
- <p> For all his travels and interviews, Remnick is modest about
- conclusions and predictions. He cites many thoughtful Russians
- who are worried that Soviet attitudes, even the black ice of
- Stalinism, still lie deep inside them. He asks Stanislav Shatalin,
- a liberal economist, how long it might take to modernize the
- system. "My optimistic scenario?" Shatalin replies. "Generations."
- </p>
- <p> In Lenin's Tomb, Remnick defined his task as explaining not
- where Russia is headed but how it arrived, against all expectations,
- at where it is today. He accomplishes that with great narrative
- skill and a refreshingly cool, unadorned style. Though it is
- his first book, Lenin's Tomb sets a high standard for journalists
- and historians alike.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-